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Adrian Victorovich Prakhov (; 16 March 1846, Mstislavl, Russian Empire – 14 May 1916, Yalta, Russian Empire) was a Russian art critic, archaeologist and art historian.
In Munich, he attended the lectures of several scientists, including Heinrich Brunn, and studied the examples of Ancient Greek art in the collection of the Glyptothek. This was followed by similar studies in Paris, London, Berlin, Vienna and Italy, where he became a member of the German Archaeological Institute of Rome. Biographical notes by E.P. Potekhina @ Биографика СПбГУ/ Upon returning in 1873, he was awarded a master's degree for his thesis, "On the restoration of the eastern group of pediments at the temple to Aegina in Athens". Shortly after, he was chosen to be a lecturer.
From 1875 to 1878, he edited an illustrated magazine called (The Bee) and, from the same year to 1887, he taught the history and theory of fine art at the Imperial Academy of Arts. He received his doctoral degree in 1879 for his dissertation, "The Architecture of Ancient Egypt". After that, he turned to Old Russian art of the early Christian period, researching and sketching the mosaics and murals at Saint Sophia's Cathedral and St. Cyril's Monastery in Kiev. From 1881 to 1882, he traveled throughout Greece, Turkey, and the Middle East. In 1886, he studied the Assumption Cathedral and several other structures in Vladimir-Volynsky.
The following year, he copied the unique frescoes at St. Michael's Monastery. The originals were lost in 1934, when the Soviet government demolished the monastery. That same year (1887), Prakhov moved from the University of Saint Petersburg to the University of Kiev, where he taught until 1897.
While there, he was in charge of managing interior decoration for St. Vladimir's Cathedral, including marble and bronze works, frescoes and furniture. He made two trips to Greece to study Byzantine art decorative styles and oversaw a large group of well-known Russian and Ukrainian painters, including Victor Vasnetsov and Mikhail Nesterov. In 1897, he returned to his former chair in Saint Petersburg and remained there until his death. After 1901, he and Alexandre Benois edited "Russian Art Treasures" (Художественные сокровища России), the monthly journal of the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts.
His wife, , was a concert pianist who had studied with Franz Liszt and also posed as a model for the painter, Mikhail Vrubel. His son, , was a painter and art historian. His daughter, , was an amateur artist, and worked as a model for Mikhail Nesterov, to whom she was briefly engaged.
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